Deng Hoog , Isle of Sylt c.2600 - 2200 BC
The Urnfield culture,
northern dairy farmer and the Fimbulwinter
Problem: It is so far not established what caused the European upheavals
at the end of the European Bronze Age (1200 BC) The following attempt to
formulate an explanation is based on five items >>taken for true <<
1.) Mesolithic Post reindeer-hunter isolated along millennia in the North survived as stockbreeder, not as farmer (May be at least a decisive point)
2.) It´s the milk of a cow allowing the hunters to adapt in a subcritical climate
(surviving without reindeers.pulling to the North)
3.) Within the Nordic Circle of the Western Baltic Sea a typical North Culture
developed
4.) Allmost ´proven´ the impact of a climatic desaster probably world wide .
(Lit.germ.)
Juergen Spanuth argued that a ´star´ hit the earth. It´s the Phaeton in the
Atlantis story of Kritias/Platon. In the North there are no written references
from this time, but about 2000 years later the Fimbulwinter in the Edda appeared. A three years lasting winter.
"who still lives if the winter ends?"
The Phaeton is described as a circling glowing corpuscle playing a substan-
tial role in the Atlantis story of Platon. ( Hypothesis of Spanuth: Phaeton
forced the Northerners / Atlanter to leave their country to survive )
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Could be that a ´sudden ´change of burial rites in the Urnfield Culture
may give an answer.
Deng Hoog , Isle of Sylt c.2600 - 2200 BC
Urnfield cultur
Chronology
4000 BC until re-Chian times (c.AD 600) in the North the dead were
buried and were placed in stone or wooden vaults over which large mounds
of soil were heapedThe Urnfield culture (c. 1300 BC - 750 BC) is the late bronze-age culture of
central Europe. The name estems from the custom of cremating the dead
and placing their ashes in urns which were then buried in graveyards
The Urnfield culture followed the Tumulus culture and was succeeded by the Hallstatt culture.
The ´Ùrnfield People´ settled in an area of Norhern Poland, Central Germany,
in West France, Central Italy and Northern Spain. It is so far not established
who the ´Urnfield People´ could have been but noteworthy
Urnfields are not provable within the Nordic Circle .
(South-Sweden, Norway,Denmark, Schleswig -Holstein)
0361
0327
0322
Nordic Circle 4th -3th millenium BC c.1200 BC
0327 The older Megalith-graves ( 4th millenium BC ) Along the west-coast only
solates. A sandy soil, washed out by the melting waters of the last ice age
(Almgren)
0322 Spreading of the common-Germanic Griffzungenschwert of the Urnfield
Time
With the beginning of the Urnfield Time "Griffzungenschwerter" (grip toun-
gue swords ) were used in Europa .In contrast to the Bronze Age "Vollgriff-
schwerter"- (Full-grip swords) being primarily a status symbol - but the Griff-
zungenschwerter were used for fighting in Europe around 1200-700 BC
1. Hojlandsvandet, Denmark 2: Ruegen, Germany; 3: Mycenae, Greece;
4: Egypt; 5:San Benedetto in Perillis, Italy; 6: Annenheim Carinthia,Austria;
7: Leoben,Steiermark, Austria; 8: Fucino, Italy; 9: Fucino,Italy; 10: San
Benedetto in Perillis, Italy http://www.eclectichistorian.net/Griffzungenschwert
Problem: As a whole about 500 Vollgriffschwerter (Ottenjann) and about
600 Griffzungenschwerter (Sprockhoff) are known.
A ´worldwide´ singular amassment of bronze swords
the key for understanding the European Urnfield time ?
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Problem There is so far no established meaning explaining the cause of the
sudden change in the burial ritual. The ´sudden´ change from mound burial to
urn cemetries.
The Urnfield time was not a local event. Around 1200 BC Troia VI, the power-
full Hittite, Mycenae and Crete became destroyed. In Egypt Ramses III had to
fight on land and sea against the attack of the sea-peoples.
The Dorian / Spartan appeared in Greece.The dark years ' began, a period
of 300 years cultural agony and illiteracy. (So far unknown wha t really did
happen. Phaeton ?)
In general a warlike behaviou r among the culture's members appears to
have been intense; settlements were normally fortified, and large supplies of
beaten bronze armaments have been found.The slashing sword, with flanged
grips to protect the handle, was apparently adopted at this time.The uniformity
of the Urnfield culture and the persistence of certain pottery and metal forms
seemingly had great influence on the later culture of the Early Iron Age. (
Encyclo Britannica)
In Central Germany the nordic intruders mixed with the native population.
A red haired braid from a grave in HohlmichelBy ´mixing´ with Germanic words the native Celtic language became an
indogerman language C Agree, may sound a little bit strange :-))
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Viereckschanzen´ Midgermany, Bayern klick
Viereckschanzen (rectangular enclosures 80-140 m, wall with a ditch) 200 BC
Meaning ? Advancements of the so-called early "Herrenhöfe"(Knight´s Estates)
of Urnfield and Early Iron Age, Hallstatt C,D time 800 to 480 BC
Wagon Garves klick
Wagon Graves With begin of the Iron Age in Central Europe and outside
the Mediterranean world a social upperclass developed using a new funeral
ritual. The dead one was buried together with a car. The oldest examples of
these wagon graves in Hallstatt C about 600 BC .Later. the power centre
shifted from east to the west .http://www.unc.edu/celtic/catalogue/chariots/
Hypothesis: Far from the coas the idea of boat graves (Sutton Hoo, 620)
became adapted to new * living- in- the- inland * conditions ? Instead of a
boat a wagon was needed to transport the dead towards the otherworld ?
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Back to the Urnfield People
If - after Spanuth- the Fimbulwinter in the Edda caused a three years lasting
winter, then a live threatening famine may enforce a southward migration
A martially, brutal time of war.One died more often in fight, famine and disea-
So far a consideration more o r less within the frame of available data but
ses.The numerous deceased were cremated and buried in more simple urns
and not in work intensive mound burrials.If so then well explained that urnfield graveyards have not been found within the Nordic Circle
here is an amazing new find in the surrounding of the Himmelsscheibe (sky
disk) of Nebra supporting the view that cattle farmer had to leave their nordic
homeland by climatical forces
Hoards of Bronze sickle in great number
Problem: "The sickle emerged´suddenly ´within a hort time.There excessive
quantity sets suddenly and in great quantities.One third of the sickle ever laid
down originates from the beginning of the urnfield time (around 1200 B.C.)
97per cent of all devices between Baltic Sea and low mountain ranges origi-
nates from hoard finds. A mass find near Merseburg is primas inter pares.
With nearly 250 sickles and only few hatchets this hoard represents in Cen-
tral Europe the most extensive amassment of Bronze sickle. Other sickle hoards came into the soil at the same time.
Anywhere otherwise the ´force´of sickle horting is not as enormously as in the
area of the river Saale (Nebra, Sky disk)).Here alone at least 600 sickle had
laid down at once. The sickle a new symbol of the urnfield time" (Sommerfeld)
(my transl.)
What have been these masses of sickles good for ?
Supposed that in its origin the northern Eurpeans have been Post-Magdalé-
Haak
Map of European Milk-drinkers.
nian reindeer hunter.and lateron became cattle herder and dairy farmer
Genetically "proven" because they can up to day like all nomads drink fresh
milk. I.e. the enzyme lactase remains active a life long. (Haak)
Normal mammals can´1 !Hypothesis:
If the Fimbulwinter drives the nordic cattle farmer out from its homeland,
A three years lasting winter.
"who still lives if the winter ends?"
then they must take with them the cattles as the vital nourishing basis. Be-
ing cattle farmer the can´t develop and operate from to day on to morow an effective agriculture. While on a martial move they had to fight and to keep
themself and the cattle alive and sufficiently nourished. I.e. sickles in great quantities were needed to harvest fodder from broad-leaved trees and green fodder
( leaves served till modern times as winter fodder.) The cattle farmer won
time to adapt to the new living conditions of the urnfieldtime
Sommerfeld,C . Mondsymbol >>Sichel<< - Sicheln mit Marken.
in Meller, H. Der geschmiedete Himmel 2004
Haack,K, http://www.mcdonald.cam.ac.uk/genetics/khindex.html
Ottenjann, H. Die nordischen Griffzungenschwerter der älteren und
mittleren Bronzezeit Röm. Germ. Kommission, Bd. 30,1969
Spanuth, J. Atlantis 1965
Sprokhoff, E. Die germanischen Griffzungenschwerter, 1931
1-Urnfied culture-Phaethon-Fimbulwinter 23.07.05
:P.S .The Urnfield culture (c. 1300 BC - 750 BC) is a pre-Celtic culture of
central Europe, considered by some scholars to mark the origin of the Celts
as a distinct cultural group. The name comes from the custom of cremating
the dead and placing their ashes in urns which were then buried in fields. The
Urnfield culture followed the Tumulus culture and was succeeded by the
Hallstatt culture.(Wikepedia)
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By mixing a new Mideuropean culture developed generally named ´celtic´.
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European hill graves (a heap of earth marking a grave, tumulus) appear in
Greece at the time of Homer c.800 BC. but mounds are so far not proven in Mykenea
Deng Hoog , Sylt, 2600 ~2200 BC. Thraker ~500 BC Marathon, (490 BC.)
Interestingly, the dates for Urnfield are the same as those for Mycenae. And the
traditional date for Homer, ca, 800, comes at the end of the Urnfield culture.
While the Mycenaeans practiced inhumation, and in fact, there it seems to be
NO evidence for Urnfield practices in Greece (and particularly, in Thessaly), we
nonetheless have the funeral of Patroclus in Book 23 of the Iliad, which is both
an Urnfield burial and a kurgan burial -- with human sacrifices, and the addition
of animal sacrifices, the ashes put into an urn and buried at the base of a tumulus
Homer has transmitted to us something very interesting, something that does
not at all fit into the Mycenaean scheme, but nonetheless reflects something
from further north, the steppe perhaps, but more likely,f rom the Balkans,some-
thing definitely Urnfield-related.
Odyssee 11/70) Ilias 23/250
Around 1100 BC, it is thought that the Dorians attacked Greece from the north
while the Sea People attacked from the sea. Numerous cities were sacked and
the region entered a dark age. During this period the Mycenaeans adopted iron,
instead of bronze; adopted cremation; and suffered from decreasing population
and literacy rates.
